Disparities in city-wide park use before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of Atlanta, Georgia.

• City-wide park use was assessed before and after the COVID-19 shutdown. • Analysis included mobility data and fixed effects regression analysis. • Pandemic shutdown increased the likelihood of park visits from local block groups. • Time spent in parks and distance traveled to them decreased post pandemic. • Higher median household income was associated with stronger pandemic effects. Access to parks is important for a population's mental, physical, and social health. The importance of parks became even more apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic when publicly accessible outdoor spaces were needed to relax, exercise, and socialize. Using metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia as a case study, this study employs 207,785 rows of park visitation data to assess the spatial distribution of park users within 109 Atlanta parks for the year before and after the initial COVID-19 shutdown, focusing on the length of time spent in parks, distance of travel to get there, and quantity of visits. These facets are compared to the socio-demographic information of the park users to assess how different populations benefited from greenspace use. Furthermore, we compared site usage to park typologies to understand changes in park use. Results reveal that after the COVID-19 declaration, parks were more likely to be used among local block group populations, and the time spent in parks slightly decreased. Yet, the impact of COVID-19 on park use was less strong for lower income groups. Findings reveal the important role of parks during the pandemic and may guide future efforts to develop these public greenspace facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]