LANGUAGES AND THE U.S. FEDERAL CONGRESS: ATTITUDES, POLICIES AND PRACTICES BETWEEN 1789 AND 1815.

The present paper examines the link between language and cultural identity by exploring the language-related attitudes, policies and ideologies as reflected in the written records of the U.S. Federal Congress from 1789 until roughly the end of the “Second War of Independence” in 1815. The results are compared and contrasted with the findings of a previous study which examined the founding documents of the United States from a similar perspective. The most salient language policy development of the post-1789 period is the overall shift from the symbolic, general language-related remarks towards the formulation of more substantive and general policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]