A Review on the Impact of Bisphenol A on the Male Genitourinary System.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widespread environmental pollutant caused mainly by the production, use, or disposal of plastics and the degradation of industrial plastic-related wastes. Growing data from studies on humans, lab animals, and wildlife supports the idea that BPA has a detrimental effect on male renal and reproductive function by disrupting the endocrine system. We reviewed the literature for a better understanding of the negative effects of BPA exposure, focusing on the impacts of BPA on kidney, prostate, and testicular health. Current data suggest an impaired renal function in individuals with chronic BPA exposure and raise an important issue regarding the presence of this plastic chemical in the dialysis product. The method by that BPA affects prostate tissue is intricated. The frequency of precancerous or cancerous lesions, such as a PIN or even prostate cancer, is rising among elderly males who have had their stem cells reprogrammed by estrogen-like action. Various studies revealed that early exposure to BPA could cause the prostate to develop several different epigenetic modifications, leading to neoplastic alterations of prostate cells. The idea that BPA has an endocrine-disrupting effect and adversely affects male reproductive function is supported by mounting data from studies on laboratory animals, wildlife, and people. By altering the production, expression, and activity of specific receptors for hormones (such as LH and FSH, androgen, and estrogen), BPA has an impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis (ER, AR). Sperm parameters are changed by these effects. By blocking antioxidant enzymes and promoting lipid peroxidation, BPA also causes oxidative stress in the testis and epididymis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]