Effects of planning variables on urban traffic noise at different scales.

• Regulation of traffic noise examined within the realm of urban planning. • Planning variables and expansive datasets compared for noise impact evaluation. • Acoustic simulations and spatial statistics used for evaluation. • Differential effects of specific variables on traffic noise examined. • Strategies for auditory environment optimisation validated empirically. This study examines the control of traffic noise in urban planning, considering the differences in noise impacts at various scales. Acoustic simulations and spatial statistics were employed to compare traditional planning variables and planning big data for noise analysis. The study investigates noise impact in urban centres and fringes and analyses varying effects of a given variable on traffic noise at scales of 300, 600, and 1200 m. Additionally, sound environment optimisation strategies are proposed and validated for different scales and areas. The major findings are: (1) planning big data had more impact in single-variable models, while traditional variables were more significant in multivariable models; (2) the noise impact of most variables varied with the area and scale, for example, at 1200 m, the total building perimeter has opposing effects in urban centres and fringes, and the greening rate changes from positive to negative with increasing scale; (3) the proposed strategies reduced traffic noise by an average of 4.2, 3.2, and 2.3 dB at scales of 300, 600, and 1200 m, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for the optimisation of urban sound environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]