Continuous artificial intelligence-assisted DNA aneuploidy cytology for surveilling dysplastic oral leukoplakia treated by photodynamic therapy.

• AI-assisted DNA-ICM was applied to continuously monitor high risk OLK among the long-term follow-ups treated by photodynamic therapy. • Photodynamic therapy showed good clinical efficacy in both primary OLK and recurrent lesions. • AI-assistant DNA-ICM is a promising tool for monitoring the photodynamic prognosis of high-risk OLK. Oral leukoplakia (OLK) is one of the most common potentially malignant disorders. High-risk lesions require early intervention before developing into oral cancer. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive technique for premalignant lesions. Scalpel biopsy remains a reliable method for monitoring the prognosis of OLK, but it is an invasive procedure with poor reproducibility to suspicious lesions. DNA aneuploidy cytology by oral cytobrush has been proposed as a promising objective and noninvasive tool in screening and diagnosing premalignant and malignant lesions. Here, we discussed the significance of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted DNA aneuploidy cytology by image cytometry (DNA-ICM) for surveilling non-homogeneous OLK with moderate-to-severe dysplasia that was treated by 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated PDT (ALA-PDT). The present study provides a scheme of the sequential management and surveillance strategy for OLK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]