How I became myself after merging with a computer: Does human-machine symbiosis raise human rights issues?

Novel usages of brain stimulation combined with artificially intelligent (AI) systems promise to address a large range of diseases. These new conjoined technologies, such as brain-computer interfaces (BCI), are increasingly used in experimental and clinical settings to predict and alleviate symptoms of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Due to their reliance on AI algorithms for feature extraction and classification, these BCI systems enable a novel, unprecedented, and direct connection between human cognition and artificial information processing. In this paper, we present the results of a study that investigates the phenomenology of human-machine symbiosis during a first-in-human experimental BCI trial designed to predict epileptic seizures. We employed qualitative semi-structured interviews to collect user experience data from a participant over a six-years period. We report on a clinical case where a specific embodied phenomenology emerged: namely, after BCI implantation, the patient reported experiences of increased agential capacity and continuity; and after device explantation, the patient reported persistent traumatic harms linked to agential discontinuity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported clinical case of a patient experiencing persistent agential discontinuity due to BCI explantation and potential evidence of an infringement on patient right, where the implanted person was robbed of her de novo agential capacities when the device was removed. • Some brain-computer interfaces predict seizures by monitoring neural data, some advise users based on specific neural data thresholds. • In the ethical literature, advisory devices are perceived as encompassing a stronger degree of autonomy because they keep users in the decisional loop. • We report on a clinical case where a BCI implantation yielded enhanced agential capacity and continuity, while device explantation caused ongoing traumatic harm and agential discontinuity • To our knowledge, the first reported case of a patient experiencing ongoing agential discontinuity due to BCI removal, raising concerns about potential patient rights violation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]