Improved Ant Lion Optimizer with Deep Learning Driven Arabic Hate Speech Detection.

Arabic is the world's first language, categorized by its rich and complicated grammatical formats. Furthermore, the Arabic morphology can be perplexing because nearly 10,000 roots and 900 patterns were the basis for verbs and nouns. The Arabic language consists of distinct variations utilized in a community and particular situations. Social media sites are a medium for expressing opinions and social phenomena like racism, hatred, offensive language, and all kinds of verbal violence. Such conduct does not impact particular nations, communities, or groups only, extending beyond such areas into people's everyday lives. This study introduces an Improved Ant Lion Optimizer with Deep Learning Dirven Offensive and Hate Speech Detection (IALODL-OHSD) on Arabic Cross-Corpora. The presented IALODL-OHSD model mainly aims to detect and classify offensive/hate speech expressed on social media. In the IALODL-OHSD model, a threestage process is performed, namely pre-processing, word embedding, and classification. Primarily, data pre-processing is performed to transform the Arabic social media text into a useful format. In addition, the word2vec word embedding process is utilized to produce word embeddings. The attentionbased cascaded long short-term memory (ACLSTM) model is utilized for the classification process. Finally, the IALO algorithm is exploited as a hyperparameter optimizer to boost classifier results. To illustrate a brief result analysis of the IALODL-OHSD model, a detailed set of simulations were performed. The extensive comparison study portrayed the enhanced performance of the IALODL-OHSD model over other approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]