Measuring lung function in murine models of pulmonary disease.

Mice are commonly used to model human lung diseases. However, their small size poses substantial problems for accurately measuring lung function. Non-invasive techniques have been widely used but have severe limitations and should be restricted to screening for the presence of disease. Accurate measures of lung function and assessment of the site of disease pathology and drug action are possible using invasive techniques. Investigators must understand the strengths and weaknesses of each technique before deciding which to use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]