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Anticancer activity of ∆9 -tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol in vitro and in human lung cancer xenograft.
- Source :
- Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine; Aug2022, Vol. 12 Issue 8, p323-332, 10p
- Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Objective: To investigate the effects of ∆<superscript>9</superscript> -tetrahydrocannabinol, the principal psychoactive compound of Cannabis sativa, and cannabinol, a ∆<superscript>9</superscript> -tetrahydrocannabinol degradative product, on human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Methods: ∆<superscript>9</superscript> -Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol were tested for anticancer activity in human non-small cell lung cancer (A549) cells. The effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and phosphorylation profiles were examined. The effects of ∆<superscript>9</superscript> -tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol on tumor growth were also investigated using a xenograft nude mouse model. Apoptosis and targeted phosphorylation were verified by immunohistochemistry. Results: ∆<superscript>9</superscript> -Tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased the number of apoptotic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The ∆<superscript>9</superscript> -tetrahydrocannabinol- and cannabinol-treated cells had lower levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B [AKT (S473)], glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase compared to the controls. The study of xenograft mice revealed that tumors treated with 15 mg/kg ∆<superscript>9</superscript> -tetrahydrocannabinol or 40 mg/kg cannabinol were significantly smaller than those of the control mice. The tumor progression rates in mice treated with 15 mg/kg ∆<superscript>9</superscript> -tetrahydrocannabinol or 40 mg/kg cannabinol were significantly slower than in the control group. Conclusions: These findings indicate that ∆<superscript>9</superscript> -tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol inhibit lung cancer cell growth by inhibiting AKT and its signaling pathways, which include glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha/beta and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 22211691
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- Supplemental Index
- Journal :
- Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 158295715
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.4103/2221-1691.350180