Emerging alternative for artificial ammonia synthesis through catalytic nitrate reduction.

Nitrate is having a much higher potential than N 2 for catalytic NH 3 synthesis under ambient conditions. [Display omitted] • The differences between N 2 and NO 3 ⁻ for NH 3 synthesis are systematically analyzed. • Recent advances in photo/electrochemical NO 3 ⁻ reduction to NH 3 are summarized. • Possible strategies to improve the selectivity and catalytic activity are proposed. Artificial catalytic synthesis of ammonia has become a hot research frontier in recent years. It is regarded as a promising approach that may replace the Haber-Bosch process and reduce global carbon dioxide emission. However, it is extremely difficult for the cleavage of nitrogen molecules under ambient conditions. Thus the ammonia yield rate is still low and the study is still limited in lab scale. If nitrites or nitrates are used as nitrogen sources, rather than nitrogen gas, the catalytic efficiency can be significantly improved, and the residual nitrate and nitrite contaminations in water systems can be efficiently eliminated and converted to energy sources at the same time. It is an emerging alternative for artificial ammonia synthesis, while there is not enough focus on the reduction of nitrate and nitrite. Herein, we systematically compared the differences between the reduction of nitrogen and nitrates, as well as listed the challenges in this area. The total conversion rate and energy efficiency of catalytic nitrate reduction are much higher than nitrogen gas reduction due to the much higher solubility and better converting pathway, which might be further enhanced by employing catalysts improvement strategies. Further, we also proposed suitable materials as well as a few future researches needs that may help boost the development of artificial ammonia synthesis using nitrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]