The continuous timber production over cutting cycles in the Brazilian Amazon depends on volumes of species not harvested in previous cuts.

• Replacing some species logged in the first harvest maintain sustainable wood yield. • Most species selected for second harvest were not marketable in the first harvest. • Larger sets of logged species avoid pressure over a few species in future harvests. • Light-demanding species increased the number of trees and timber volume in the area. • Logged forest under 90 m³ ha⁻¹ recovered timber yields after 32 years. Can heavily logged Amazonian dense forests produce commercial timber for a second harvest under a 25–35-year cutting cycle? To address this question, we evaluated the forest capacity to recover the volume extracted 32 years after heavy logging (90 m³ ha⁻¹) in a 144-ha research area located in the Tapajós National Forest, Brazil (03°18′31″ to 03°19′21″ S; 54°56′28″ to 54°56′15″ W). Abundance (number of trees ha⁻¹), basal area (m² ha⁻¹) and volume (m³ ha⁻¹) were assessed in two censuses, one year before logging (1981) and 32 years after logging (2014) to evaluate the status of the timber stock. Canopy openings caused by logging and silvicultural treatments increased sunlight in the forest and boosted the growth of trees 5–45 cm in DBH. Light-demanding species accounted for most of the increase in density and timber volume in the study area after logging. Our findings indicated that 32 years after the first cut, the forest was not able to replace the volume extracted. Considering the present Brazilian forest management regulations, which allow a logging intensity of 30 m³ ha⁻¹ in a 35-year cutting cycle, this volume could only be harvested if new species not logged in the first cut were included in the new species logging list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]