Persistent hiccups and Horner's syndrome in a case of primary CNS lymphoma with diffuse cerebral, hypothalamic and lateral brainstem involvement – An exercise in clinical neuroanatomy.

• We describe a patient presenting with persistent hiccups, who was found to have primary CNS lymphoma. • Persistent or intractable hiccups may reflect pathology within the brainstem, hypothalamic or supratentorial centres. • Appetite changes can be caused by hypothalamic tumour infiltration. • A first-order Horner's syndrome can arise from brainstem pathology. • A thorough neurological examination forms the cornerstone of localising neuropathology. We present a case of a 42-year-old male presenting with persistent hiccups and a Horner's syndrome, among other symptoms and signs of hypothalamic and brainstem dysfunction. He had a biopsy-proven diffuse infiltrative large primary CNS B-cell lymphoma involving the left fronto-temporal hemisphere, diencephalon and brainstem. The aim of this case report is to highlight key clinical and neuro-anatomical correlations that bring light to the art of the clinical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]