The Whole World is Watching on Social Media: Building a Global Protest Typology.

Previous research suggests that mainstream media coverage around the world follows a "protest paradigm" that demonizes protesters and marginalizes their causes. Given the recent increase in global protest activity and the growing importance of social media for activism, this paper content analyzes 1,438 English and Spanish news stories from around the world that were shared on social media, examining framing, sourcing, and marginalizing devices across media outlet type, country, language, and social media platform in order to create a typology of how the protest paradigm operates in an international and digital context. Results showed type of protest, location of protest, and type of media outlet also were significantly related to whether news stories adhered to the protest paradigm. Adherence to the paradigm also was related to how much the stories were shared on social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]