A comprehensive defect study of tungsten disulfide (WS2) as electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells by numerical simulation.

Abstract In this study, an ideal planar perovskite solar cell (PSC) has been proposed and simulated by using Tungsten Disulfide (WS 2) as an electron transport layer (ETL). Effects of various amphoteric defect states of PSC based on CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x X x absorber layer and the interface properties of both ETL and hole transport layer (HTL) are quantitatively analysed by SCAPS-1D numerical simulator. Results show that the device performance is highly influenced by amphoteric defects in the absorber layer rather than the interface defects layer (IDL). It is also revealed that the quantitative tolerable range in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x X x and IDLs are less than 10¹⁵ cm⁻³ and 10¹⁶ cm⁻³, respectively. The PSC exhibits better performance in the range of 10 °C–40 °C and degrades gradually at higher temperature. With the proposed structure, the simulation finds the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSC to be 25.70% (Voc = 1.056 V, Jsc = 25.483 mA/cm², and FF = 88.54%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]