Indian Control of Indian Education: Reflections and Envisioning the Next 40 Years.

The Indian Control of Indian Education (ICIE) (1972) policy document was, and continues to be, evidence of the power of Aboriginal peoples in Canada working together to speak up against government assimilationist policies. The voices in this article represent four generations of Indigenous scholars who were either involved in creating or have been influenced by ICIE. The federal government's proposed Bill on First Nation Education is also critiqued in relation to the principles of ICIE. The article shares lessons learned about ICIE, reflections on power and knowledge, and visions for reciprocal relationships that truly embody the ICIE values articulated over 40 years ago. The principles about local control; parental engagement; Indigenous knowledge, culture, and language; Indigenous teachers; and better prepared non-Indigenous teachers are still as relevant and important as they were 40 years ago. The challenge remains to put these principles into everyday educational practice now and for the next 40 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]