Transborder political ecology of mangroves in Senegal and The Gambia.

Highlights • Porous and politicized borders may play a role in mangrove dynamics in West Africa. • Need to examine temporal variation and sub-regional spatial variation. • Between 1988 and 2018, mangrove tree cover increased in The Gambia and Senegal. • However, between 1988 and 1999 mangrove tree cover decreased by −4.11% in Low Casamance (Senegal). • Large-scale and regional remote sensing observations operate in tension with local accounts. Abstract Existing studies of mangroves in Senegal and The Gambia have found net increases in mangrove tree cover at the national scale, but these do not accord with local accounts and explanations of loss. This paper utilizes remote sensing analysis and political ecology frameworks to assess local accounts of mangrove wood trafficking across the border between The Gambia and southern Senegal, which were encountered in conducting qualitative field research. The remote sensing results demonstrate overall increases in mangrove cover in The Gambia and in the Sine Saloum and Low Casamance estuaries in Senegal between 1988 and 2018, but also highlight greater declines in mangrove cover in Low Casamance in the 1990s—a period of heightened regional political conflict—and in particular areas of the estuary near the Gambian and Guinea-Bissauan borders. Focusing on political ecology's attention to multiple scales of analysis, this paper addresses divergent interpretations of mangrove changes in the region, and how local accounts of destruction may not be fully captured by the scale of observation and analysis in remote sensing. The paper argues for greater attention to spatial and temporal variation in studies of mangrove dynamics, and greater consideration for how these patterns may result from confluences of political, social, and natural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]