Integrated disperser freezing purification with extraction using fatty acid-based solidification of floating organic-droplet (IDFP-EFA-SFO) for triclosan and methyltriclosan determination in seawater, sediment and seafood.

Abstract A microextraction method for the determination of triclosan and methyltriclosan in marine environmental samples was developed. The disperser was first serves as a preliminary extractant for analytes, then as a frozen solvent to remove impurities at −20 °C, and finally as a disperser agent in the microextraction procedure. With the extractants solidified and float on the surface of the aqueous phase at low temperature, a separation was achieved to avoided use of specialized laboratory instruments. The method was optimized using Plackett-Burman design and central composite design as follows: 146 μL octanoic acid as extractant, 793 μL acetoneas disperser, 3.0 min centrifugation and 1.1 min vortex time. The limits of detection were 0.022–0.060 μg L⁻¹ or μg kg⁻¹ and recoveries were 83.3–103.5% for TCS and MTCS in seawater, sediments and seafood. The method has excellent prospects for sample pre-treatment and trace-level analysis of triclosan and methyltriclosan in marine environmental samples. Graphical abstract Extraction using freezing-disperser and fatty acid extractant combined solidification of floating organic droplet for determination of triclosan and methyltriclosan in complex marine matrices (seawater, sediment and seafood). Prominent advantages of the newly developed method: (1) the freezing-disperser was simultaneously used as preliminary enrichment solvent, frozen purification solvent and disperser, greatly reducing the use of organic solvent; (2) solidification of fatty acid at low temperature achieves an excellent separation which reduces operational error and avoids use of specialized, non-commercially available laboratory devices; and (3) suitable for extraction of polar chemicals, such as triclosan and methyltriclosan. Unlabelled Image Highlights • Freezing-disperser acetone used as preliminary enrich, purification and disperser solvent • Octanoic acid used as environmental-friendly extraction • Solidification of floating organic droplet makes the separation more conveniently. • Plackett-Burman and Central Composite design for factor screening and optimization • This proposed method gave lower LODs (0.022–0.060 μg L⁻¹/μg kg⁻¹) for marine samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]