development of an on-line energy management strategy for hybrid electric vehicle.

Abstract The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) seems to be one of the most promising short-term solution to improve the sustainability on the transportation sector. As well-known, the numerical analyses can give a substantial contribute during the preliminary vehicle design. In this context, the development of the Energy Management Strategy (EMS) represents the most challenging task. In this paper, an on-line local optimization EMS for a parallel/series hybrid vehicle is proposed to minimize the CO 2 emissions. The proposed EMS, implemented in a dynamic simulation platform, is compared to the well-assessed off-line Pontryagin's Minimum Principle (PMP). Firstly, the main differences regarding the energy management are highlighted in detail. Then, the EMSs are assessed in terms of CO 2 emissions, putting into evidence that the proposed on-line strategy involves limited penalizations (3-4%) compared to the PMP target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]