Energy efficiency of ambulation–A comparison of various orthopaedic possibilities.

Background In most developing countries, accessibility for people using walking aids is limited due to architectural and environmental barriers. As observed from anecdotal accounts, even a minor orthopaedic injury/disorder may restrict a person's ambulation due to fatigue associated with using walking aids. Hence this study was undertaken with the following objective. Objective to estimate the magnitude of energy consumption using energy expenditure index (EEI) during gait under different conditions. Design Repeated measures design (within subjects study). Setting School. Participants Ten healthy, typical young adults between 17 and 25 years of age. Outcome measure Energy Expenditure Index (EEI) was estimated for each of the conditions of the study using consistent measurement procedures. Results Energy consumption with immobilization is greater (ankle-16.2%, knee-36.7% and ankle and knee-49.2%) than typical self-selected ambulation. During on ground ambulation the energy cost was greatest for an axillary crutches than a standard walker with ankle and knee immobilized being the highest in relation to typical ambulation (78.2% greater). Axillary crutches were more efficient than a walker during stair climbing. Conclusion For young adults a standard walker may be the right option for over-ground ambulation, when a lower limb joint in immobilized; with an axillary crutch used during stair climbing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]