Men set their own cites high: Gender and self-citation across fields and over time.

In almost all academic fields, men cite their own research papers at a higher rate than women do. Using a dataset of 1.6 million papers in the scholarly database JSTOR, we present results across many academic fields. Despite increased representation of women in academia, the gender gap in self-citation rates has widened over the last 50 years. Since we also find that nearly 10% of cited articles are self-citations by a paper's authors, this finding has important implications for scholarly visibility and potential consequences for academic careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]