What matters for knowledge sharing in collectivistic cultures? Empirical evidence from China.

Purpose -- This study is to identify key factors that facilitate knowledge sharing in collectivistic cultures and further to help better understand knowledge management in the international context. Design/methodology/approach -- Using a survey method, this study collected data from over 200 managerial employees in knowledge management based project teams from China. Regression analysis was then conducted to analyze the impact of individual differences and environmental factors on the willingness to share knowledge among team members in order to identify key factors for successful knowledge retention in the constantly changing organizational environment in a collectivistic context. Findings -- The results show that incentives are very important in individual's decision to share knowledge in project teams even in a collectivistic culture like China and both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated individuals tend to share more knowledge with their team members. Individuals with high altruism are also found more likely to share knowledge with others. Moreover, a trusting environment and explicit knowledge will facilitate knowledge sharing for better retention. Research limitations/implications -- More studies should be conducted in other collectivistic cultures in order to explore cultural barriers in knowledge management in the international context and comparative studies using samples from different cultural backgrounds are also encouraged to help extend the theories on knowledge management. Originality/value -- While it is well known that knowledge sharing is essential for organization to maintain competitive advantage, relatively few studies have examined knowledge sharing in collectivistic cultures, and even fewer have done so in China. This study adds values to the literature by identifying key factors for knowledge sharing in China and thus helps refine the knowledge management theories and provides insights for multinationals on knowledge management in the Chinese market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]