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Self-Organization at Aqueous Colloid-Membrane Interfaces and an Optical Method to Measure the Kinetics of Exclusion Zone Formation.
- Source :
- Entropy; 2014, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p5954-5975, 22p
- Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Exclusion zone (EZ) formation at water-membrane interfaces was studied via bright- and dark-field microscopy. Various aqueous colloids including suspensions of charged microspheres, silicon dioxide particles, and raw whole milk were studied with Nafion® hydrophilic membranes. Interfacial formations observed included EZs and more complex patterns including striations, double layers, banding, dendritic aggregates of particles, and double-stranded structures resembling Birkeland current filaments in cold plasmas. A complex three-dimensional dynamic structure and continuous flow patterns persist in and around EZs, maintaining movement of the colloidal particles even after EZs are fully formed, for which a schematic is proposed. Since radiant energy is critical for EZ formation, we hypothesize that these interfacial phenomena are non-equilibrium dissipative structures that self-organize and self-maintain due to ongoing dynamic processes that may involve hydrodynamic interactions. Another experimental approach undertaken involved the construction of a microscope flow cell to measure the kinetics of EZ formation using sequential microphotography analyzed with macro-programmed ImageJ software to investigate effects of different types of conditioned water. No significant difference was found between spring water and the same water treated by a magnetic vortexer. A significant difference was found for municipal tap water compared to electrolyzed alkaline tap water from the same source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- COLLOIDS
MICROSCOPY
SILICA
ARTIFICIAL membranes
MACROMOLECULES
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 10994300
- Volume :
- 16
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Entropy
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 99666079
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/e16115954