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Identifying longitudinal trajectories of emotional distress symptoms 5 years after traumatic brain injury.
- Source :
- Brain Injury; Nov2014, Vol. 28 Issue 12, p1542-1550, 9p
- Publication Year :
- 2014
-
Abstract
- Primary objective: To evaluate longitudinal trajectories of emotional distress symptoms after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research design: Longitudinal study. Methods and procedures: Patients with mild-to-severe TBI, 118 patients participated at 3 months, 109 attended at 1-year and 89 attended the 5-year follow-up. Emotional distress was measured with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Patients were also assessed for coping style, anxiety, depression, substance abuse and trauma severity. Main outcomes and results: Based on growth mixture modelling, four trajectories of emotional distress symptoms were identified: 73.5% of patients were characterized by a pattern of resilience, 6.8% by a pattern of delayed distress, 14.6% by recovery and 5.1% by chronic distress. Relative to the resilience trajectory, avoidant-coping style and psychiatric problems were related to recovery and chronic trajectories. The delayed trajectory was similar to the resilience trajectory, except for elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms at 1- and 5-years. Demographics and injury-related variables were not significantly associated with emotional distress trajectories. Conclusions: Resilience was the most common trajectory following TBI. Patients characterized by recovery and chronic trajectories required attention and long-term clinical monitoring of their symptoms. Future research would benefit from longitudinal studies to analyse emotional distress symptoms and the strength of resilience over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- MENTAL health services
COMPLICATIONS of brain injuries
ACADEMIC medical centers
PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation
AFFECTIVE disorders
ANALYSIS of variance
ANXIETY
BRAIN injuries
CHI-squared test
CHRONIC diseases
COMPUTED tomography
CONVALESCENCE
STATISTICAL correlation
MENTAL depression
EMPLOYMENT
LONGITUDINAL method
MAGNETIC resonance imaging
MARITAL status
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests
POST-traumatic stress disorder
PROBABILITY theory
PSYCHOTHERAPY
QUESTIONNAIRES
RESEARCH evaluation
RESEARCH funding
PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience
SCALE analysis (Psychology)
SUBSTANCE abuse
TRAUMA centers
COMORBIDITY
EDUCATIONAL attainment
SEVERITY of illness index
DATA analysis software
DESCRIPTIVE statistics
GLASGOW Coma Scale
TRAUMA severity indices
PSYCHOLOGY
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 02699052
- Volume :
- 28
- Issue :
- 12
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Brain Injury
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 98836541
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2014.934285