Flip-angle mapping of 31P coils by steady-state MR spectroscopic imaging.

Purpose Phosphorus (³¹P) MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is primarily applied with sensitive, surface radiofrequency (RF) coils that provide inhomogeneous excitation RF field (B₁⁺) and rough localization due to their B₁⁺ and sensitivity (B₁⁻) profiles. A careful and time-consuming pulse adjustment and an accurate knowledge of flip angle (FA) are mandatory for quantification corrections. Materials and Methods In this study, a simple, fast, and universal ³¹P B₁⁺ mapping method is proposed, which requires fast steady-state MRSI (typically one sixth of normal measurement time) in addition to the typical MRSI acquired within the examination protocol. The FA maps are calculated from the ratio of the signal intensities acquired by these two measurements and were used to correct for the influence of B₁⁺ on the metabolite maps. Results In vitro tests were performed on two scanners (3 and 7 Tesla) using a surface and a volume coil. The calculated FA maps were in good agreement with adjusted nominal FAs and the theoretical calculation using the Biot-Savart law. The method was successfully tested in vivo in the calf muscle and the brain of healthy volunteers (n = 4). The corrected metabolite maps show higher homogeneity compared with their noncorrected versions. Conclusion The calculated FA maps helped with B₁⁺ inhomogeneity corrections of acquired in vivo data, and should also be useful with optimization and testing of pulse performances, or with the construction quality tests of new dual-channel ¹H/³¹P coils. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:391-397. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]