An Improved LEACH Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Underground Pipe Gallery.

In view of the problem short network lifetime caused by uneven energy consumption in wireless sensor network application to underground pipe gallery, we researched the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy protocol and the related application, analyzed the deficiency of the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy protocol for underground pipe gallery environment, and proposed algorithm to improve the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy protocol. The improved protocol considered the impact of the nodes, residual energy on the probability threshold in cluster head selection, and added competition mechanism to achieve the cluster head's high residual energy and uneven distribution. In steady-state phase, the algorithm set one-hop transmission threshold, selected the minimum energy consume path in multi-hop transmission to reduce the network energy consumption. Simulation results showed that, in the long ribbon network, compared with the original protocol the network lifetime improved by 2. 66 times and energy consumption was reduced in the same round by using the promoted the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]