Conservation of biodiversity in Scandinavian boreal forests: large carnivores as flagships, umbrellas, indicators, or keystones?

Evaluates the suitability of large carnivores as flagships, indicators, umbrellas or keystones in the context of boreal forest biodiversity conservation in the multi-use landscapes of Scandinavia. Reason why carnivores are impractical indicators of forest biodiversity; Importance of dedicated management programs in the conservation of carnivores; Ways in which conservation of boreal forest biodiversity can be achieved.