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ADAR Enzyme and miRNA Story: A Nucleotide that Can Make the Difference.

Authors :
Tomaselli, Sara
Bonamassa, Barbara
Alisi, Anna
Nobili, Valerio
Locatelli, Franco
Gallo, Angela
Source :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Nov2013, Vol. 14 Issue 11, p22796-22816, 21p
Publication Year :
2013

Abstract

Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes convert adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in double-stranded (ds) RNAs. Since Inosine is read as Guanosine, the biological consequence of ADAR enzyme activity is an A/G conversion within RNA molecules. A-to-I editing events can occur on both coding and non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small regulatory RNAs of ~20-23 nucleotides that regulate several cell processes by annealing to target mRNAs and inhibiting their translation. Both miRNA precursors and mature miRNAs undergo A-to-I RNA editing, affecting the miRNA maturation process and activity. ADARs can also edit 3' UTR of mRNAs, further increasing the interplay between mRNA targets and miRNAs. In this review, we provide a general overview of the ADAR enzymes and their mechanisms of action as well as miRNA processing and function. We then review the more recent findings about the impact of ADAR-mediated activity on the miRNA pathway in terms of biogenesis, target recognition, and gene expression regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
16616596
Volume :
14
Issue :
11
Database :
Complementary Index
Journal :
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
92612876
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms141122796