The breeding biology of Rose-ringed Parakeets Psittacula krameri in England during a period of rapid population expansion.

CapsuleThe reproductive rate of Rose-ringed Parakeets in the UK was higher in 2001-2003 than previously estimated. AimTo measure reproductive rate and the factors affecting this in Rose-ringed Parakeets in England during a period of rapid expansion in population of this potential invasive species. MethodsDuring 2001–2003, 108 nests were located and monitored in southwest London, southeast London and the Isle of Thanet. Nest survival using the Mayfield method, fledging success and the characteristics of the nest and surrounding vegetation were measured. ResultsThe mean date of first egg was 26 March ± 1.3 days and the median clutch size was 4 eggs. Mayfield nest survival rate was 72%. Reproductive success was 1.4 ± 0.3 young fledged per nest. Parakeets bred predominantly in ash (Fraxinus) and oak (Quercus). Nest trees had a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 73.7 ± 4.7 cm (mean ± se). ConclusionReproductive success in this parakeet was higher than previously estimated (0.8 young fledged per nest prior to 1999). This reproductive output is sufficient to explain the rapid increase in Rose-ringed Parakeet numbers (from an estimated 1500 birds in 1996 to nearly 10,000 birds by 2004) if Rose-ringed Parakeets have a low death rate similar to other parrots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]