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Increased serotonin transporter gene (SERT) DNA methylation is associated with bullying victimization and blunted cortisol response to stress in childhood: a longitudinal study of discordant monozygotic twins.
- Source :
- Psychological Medicine; Sep2013, Vol. 43 Issue 9, p1813-1823, 11p
- Publication Year :
- 2013
-
Abstract
- BackgroundChildhood adverse experiences are known to induce persistent changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity to stress. However, the mechanisms by which these experiences shape the neuroendocrine response to stress remain unclear.MethodWe tested whether bullying victimization influenced serotonin transporter gene (SERT) DNA methylation using a discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin design. A subsample of 28 MZ twin pairs discordant for bullying victimization, with data on cortisol and DNA methylation, were identified in the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally representative 1994–1995 cohort of families with twins.ResultsBullied twins had higher SERT DNA methylation at the age of 10 years compared with their non-bullied MZ co-twins. This group difference cannot be attributed to the children's genetic makeup or their shared familial environments because of the study design. Bullied twins also showed increasing methylation levels between the age of 5 years, prior to bullying victimization, and the age of 10 years whereas no such increase was detected in non-bullied twins across time. Moreover, children with higher SERT methylation levels had blunted cortisol responses to stress.ConclusionsOur study extends findings drawn from animal models, supports the hypothesis that early-life stress modifies DNA methylation at a specific cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) site in the SERT promoter and HPA functioning and suggests that these two systems may be functionally associated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- SALIVA analysis
ANALYSIS of variance
BULLYING
COMPARATIVE studies
STATISTICAL correlation
DNA
GENES
HYDROCORTISONE
LONGITUDINAL method
MASS spectrometry
PSYCHOLOGICAL tests
QUESTIONNAIRES
REGRESSION analysis
RESEARCH funding
TWINS
VICTIMS
SOCIOECONOMIC factors
REPEATED measures design
DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 00332917
- Volume :
- 43
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Psychological Medicine
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 89599007
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712002784