Introducing Fairness into Compositional Verification via Unidirectional Counters.

We equip labelled transition systems (LTSs) with unidirectional counters (UCs) which can be initialised to an arbitrary positive value and decremented but not incremented. This formalism, called UCLTSs, enables one to express fairness properties of concurrent systems in a finite form and reason about them in a compositional, refinement-based fashion. Technically, we first show how to apply CSP-style parallel composition and hiding directly on UCLTSs while maintaining compositionality. As our main result, we prove that the refinement checking of UCLTSs under the chaos-free failures-divergences semantics can be reduced to two decidable tasks that can be solved by the popular FDR2 and NuSMV model checkers, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]