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Who experiences discrimination in Brazil? Evidence from a large metropolitan region.
- Source :
- International Journal for Equity in Health; 2012, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p80-90, 11p, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs
- Publication Year :
- 2012
-
Abstract
- Introduction: Perceived discrimination is related to poor health and has been offered as one explanation for the persistence of health inequalities in some societies. In this study, we explore the prevalence and correlates of perceived discrimination in a large, multiracial Brazilian metropolitan area. Methods: The study uses secondary analysis of a regionally representative household survey conducted in 2010 (n=12,213). Bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression assess the magnitude and statistical significance of covariates associated with reports of any discrimination and with discrimination in specific settings, including when seeking healthcare services, in the work environment, in the family, in social occasions among friends or in public places, or in other situations. Results: Nearly 9% of the sample reported some type of discrimination. In multivariable models, reports of any discrimination were higher among people who identify as black versus white (OR 1.91), higher (OR 1.21) among women than men, higher (OR 1.33) among people in their 30's and lower (OR 0.63) among older individuals. People with many health problems (OR 4.97) were more likely to report discrimination than those with few health problems. Subjective social status (OR 1.23) and low social trust (OR 1.27) were additional associated factors. Perceived discrimination experienced while seeking healthcare differed from all other types of discrimination, in that it was not associated with skin color, social status or trust, but was associated with sex, poverty, and poor health. Conclusions: There appear to be multiple factors associated with perceived discrimination in this population that may affect health. Policies and programs aimed at reducing discrimination in Brazil will likely need to address this wider set of interrelated risk factors across different populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Subjects :
- AGE distribution
BLACK people
STATISTICAL correlation
DISCRIMINATION (Sociology)
EPIDEMIOLOGY
HEALTH services accessibility
CULTURAL pluralism
POVERTY
RACE
SEX distribution
SOCIAL classes
STATISTICS
TRUST
WHITE people
CITY dwellers
DATA analysis
MULTIPLE regression analysis
SECONDARY analysis
HEALTH equity
DISEASE prevalence
CROSS-sectional method
STATISTICAL models
DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 14759276
- Volume :
- 11
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- International Journal for Equity in Health
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 85422395
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-9276-11-80