Environmental financing in European economies in transition

The paper offers a perspective on environmental predicament of economies in transition. Emphasis is put on how these economies finance their environmental needs. It is observed that the demand for environmental financing can be affected both by environmental policy measures (such as internalization of externalities) and by other factors (suchas the softness of budget constraints faced by firms). The role of subsidies - in many countries of the Central and Eastern European region provided through special purpose 'environmental funds` - is then scrutinized. In particular the question is asked whether such funds crowd out commercial capital from the market. Conditions are discussed that would allow the funds to play their constructive environmental roles without crowding out private financing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]