Robust zero-watermark algorithms based on numerical relationship between adjacent blocks.

In this paper, three robust zero-watermark algorithms named Direct Current coefficient RElationship (DC-RE), CUmulant combined Singular Value Decomposition (CU-SVD), and CUmulant combined Singular Value Decomposition RElationship (CU-SVD-RE) are proposed. The algorithm DC-RE gets the feature vector from the relationship of DC coefficients between adjacent blocks, CU-SVD gets the feature vector from the singular value of third-order cumulants, while CU-SVD-RE combines the essence of the first two algorithms. Specially, CU-SVD-RE gets the feature vector from the relationship between singular values of third-order cumulants. Being a cross-over studying field of watermarking and cryptography, the zero-watermark algorithms are robust without modifying the carrier. Numerical simulation obviously shows that, under geometric attacks, the performance of CU-SVD-RE and DC-RE algorithm are better and all three proposed algorithms are robust to various attacks, such as median filter, salt and pepper noise, and Gaussian low-pass filter attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]