CARRY-OVER EFFECTS OF WINTER LOCATION CONTRIBUTE TO VARIATION IN TIMING OF NEST INITIATION AND CLUTCH SIZE IN BLACK BRANT (BRANTA BERNICLA NIGRICANS).

The article presents a study which evaluates the carry-over effects of winter location in the timing of clutch size and nest initiation in Branta bernicla nigricans Black Brant. The study used observations of the of individually marked breeding of brant at the Tutakoke River colony in Alaska, and wintering along the three areas at the Pacific coast of Baja California. Results reveal the influence of winter in the individual reproductive performance and, population growth of Black Brants.