Non-specific alterations of craniocervical venous drainage in multiple sclerosis revealed by cardiac-gated phase-contrast MRI.

The article presents a study which investigates on the effectiveness of cardiac-gated phase-contrast and venographic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining non-specific alterations of craniocervical venous drainage in multiple sclerosis (MS). The study was conducted to 27 MS patients in which 21 of them were female aging 12-19 and 27-age and gender-matched healthy controls. The study reveals increase in secondary venous outflow in MS patients compared with healthy control group.