Intermittent flow system for population toxicity studies demonstrated with Daphnia and copper.

The article presents a study which tests the toxicity of copper on crustacean Daphnia (D.) magna populations. The study uses a parametric model to measure the effects of copper on the population of D. magna and atomic absorption spectrophotometry to analyze the copper concentrations. Results show that individual growth can be an index of toxic stress and that copper is toxic in hard water since it is displaced from binding sites on humic substances.