AN INVESTIGATION OF THE AFTER-RINSING AND WASHING OF FIBER REACTIVE DYES.

After-rinsing and washing of fiber reactive dyes has long been a water and time consuming portion of the dyeing cycle. In order to better understand the mechanism which governs the rinsing and washing steps, a system was developed to visualize and to give quantitative measurement of this process. By so doing, variables such as temperature, pH, electrolytic concentration, and flow rates can be monitored, compared, and optimized. Wetfastness problems associated with fiber reactive dyes have been traced to inefficient removal of the unfixed hydrolyzed dye. Rinsing and washing parameters can greatly influence this process. By optimizing these parameters, wetfastness properties are also optimized. Cost savings resulting from a reduction in water, energy, and time can be realized without a sacrifice in quality. Further savings through reduced waste water fines and penalties may also be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]