Refereed Papers: Environmental and Health Implications of Fuel Substitution for Cooking Energy in Nigeria's Household Energy Mix.

This paper is concerned with effects that are considered undesirable for women and children in household energy utilization. In Nigeria, household energy utilization is significant where it contributes 53% to total energy consumption with bio-energy inclusive. 85% of bio-energy contribution to final energy consumption goes to service energy needs. Technology mix for cooking in households includes firewood stoves (41%), charcoal stoves (1%), kerosene stoves (53%), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) stoves (4.5%) and electric burners (0.5%).Literature review, survey and application of simulation technique were employed as methodology. For the simulation technique, factors considered include impact of technological interventions as well as structural shifts among economic sectors and sub-sectors. With technology intervention, the simulated results indicate that savings of 1.5 billion kg Ceq, and the avoided cost of about $0.11 million/tonne Ceq, can be achieved. Economic benefits may include reduced health-related expenditure, time savings from shorter time spent on fuel collection and cooking, and environmental impacts at local levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]