Statistical evaluation of calcium carbonate equilibrium in natural water.

AbstractA simple statistical model for the Langelier Saturation Index has been developed for all drinking water intakes supplying Cracow. The model has been tested by comparison with the solution of the set of equations governing calcium carbonate equilibria. A high degree of agreement with the results of calculations was achieved, including not only the ionic strength of water solutions but also the so-called ion-pair effects. The model is summarised by simple formulae, which can be used for manual calculation of the Langelier Saturation Index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]