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Black carbon and chemical characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 at an urban site of North India.
- Source :
- Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry; Apr2009, Vol. 62 Issue 3, p193-209, 17p, 7 Charts, 7 Graphs
- Publication Year :
- 2009
-
Abstract
- The concentrations of PM<subscript>10</subscript>, PM<subscript>2.5</subscript> and their water-soluble ionic species were determined for the samples collected during January to December, 2007 at New Delhi (28.63° N, 77.18° E), India. The annual mean PM<subscript>10</subscript> and PM<subscript>2.5</subscript> concentrations (± standard deviation) were about 219 (± 84) and 97 (±56) µgm<superscript>−3</superscript> respectively, about twice the prescribed Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standards values. The monthly average ratio of PM<subscript>2.5</subscript>/PM<subscript>10</subscript> varied between 0.18 (June) and 0.86 (February) with an annual mean of ∼0.48 (±0.2), suggesting the dominance of coarser in summer and fine size particles in winter. The difference between the concentrations of PM<subscript>10</subscript> and PM<subscript>2.5</subscript>, is deemed as the contribution of the coarse fraction (PM<subscript>10−2.5</subscript>). The analyzed coarse fractions mainly composed of secondary inorganic aerosols species (16.0 µgm<superscript>−3</superscript>, 13.07%), mineral matter (12.32 µgm<superscript>−3</superscript>, 10.06%) and salt particles (4.92 µgm<superscript>−3</superscript>, 4.02%). PM<subscript>2.5</subscript> are mainly made up of undetermined fractions (39.46 µgm<superscript>−3</superscript>, 40.9%), secondary inorganic aerosols (26.15 µgm<superscript>−3</superscript>, 27.1%), salt aerosols (22.48 µgm<superscript>−3</superscript>, 23.3%) and mineral matter (8.41 µgm<superscript>−3</superscript>, 8.7%). The black carbon aerosols concentrations measured at a nearby (∼300 m) location to aerosol sampling site, registered an annual mean of ∼14 (±12) µgm<superscript>−3</superscript>, which is significantly large compared to those observed at other locations in India. The source identifications are made for the ionic species in PM<subscript>10</subscript> and PM<subscript>2.5</subscript>. The results are discussed by way of correlations and factor analyses. The significant correlations of Cl<superscript>−</superscript>, SO, K<superscript>+</superscript>, Na<superscript>+</superscript>, Ca<superscript>2+</superscript>, NO and Mg<superscript>2+</superscript> with PM<subscript>2.5</subscript> on one hand and Mg<superscript>2+</superscript> with PM<subscript>10</subscript> on the other suggest the dominance of anthropogenic and soil origin aerosols in Delhi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 01677764
- Volume :
- 62
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- Complementary Index
- Journal :
- Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 48915109
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-010-9148-z