Chutes and Ladders on the Critical Path:Comparative Effectiveness, Product Value, and the Use of Biomarkers in Drug Development.

The article discusses several aspects of the development of drugs. In 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a white paper that cited the productivity problems and argued for rapid uptake of biomarkers and clinical trial methods. Since 2004, the costs of drug development have increased while industry productivity has not. It is stated that the importance to produce high-value, innovative drugs will intensify and create a higher performance hurdle for new therapeutics.