A MULTISCALE MODELING SYSTEM: Developments, Applications, and Critical Issues.

The article offers information on the multiscale modeling framework (MMF) for parameterizing convective clouds and cloud systems by the U.S. National Aeronotics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The Goddard finite-volume MMF is based on the NASA Goddard finite-volume Generic Circulation Model (GCM) and the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model (GCE). The Goddard MMF has been evaluated against observations at interannual, intraseasonal, and diurnal time scales using a two year long simulation representing different climate scenarios. MMFs can bridge the gap between traditional Cloud Resolving Models (CRM) simulations, regional weather forecast models, and current and future non hydrostatic global cloud-resolution models.