Direct numerical simulations of trailing-edge noise generated by boundary-layer instabilities.

The article describes methods used to calculate directivity indexes and sound power levels during taxying based on field measurements made in Madrid-Barajas Airport in Spain. It focuses on the basic concept of integrated noise model (INM). It is the widely used software for calculating noise levels near airports. It does not take into account aircraft taxying, which, in some cases, can be important for accurately evaluating an airport's noise assessment.