A Public Help Index.

As far as we known, the first concept of power index dates back to 1780s and is due to Luther Martin (see Felsenthal and Machover (2005), Gambarelli and Owen (2004) and Riker (1986)). Lionel S. Penrose (1946) gave, probably, the first scientific discussion of voting power where he introduced the concept of a priori voting power (a similar analysis was independently carried out by John F. Banzhaf (1965)). Lloyd S. Shapley, in cooperation with Martin Shubik (Shapley and Shubik 1954), came up with a specialization of the Shapley (1953) value as a power index. Other power indices were introduced later; some derived from existing values, others built exclusively for simple games. The Public Good Index introduced by Manfred Holler in (1978) belongs to the latter category. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]