Wood Structural Modifications Caused by Extreme Events.

Dense shading is defined as a light intensity of less than 2% of the available sunlight (Larcher 2001). This lack of light inhibits growth in every sense: shoot elongation is reduced; young plants remain small, leaf mass is low and ramification inhibited; the crowns of old pines are reduced in size due to shading from neighbouring trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]