THE ECOLOGY OF SHINGLE BEACH PLANTS.

The article studies the ecology of shingle beach plants. The author mentions some of the relevant papers on shingle beaches as a plant habitat, or on their vegetation. Each of the two principal factors, beach composition and shingle mobility, is continuously variable in itself as well as interacting with other factors such as local topography, climate and water supply, and the whole is influenced by time and by past history, according to the author. The author says that the material of shingle beaches consists of two components, the shingle or coarse fraction and the matrix or fine fraction.