Gauss Krüger projection for areas of wide longitudinal extent.

This paper describes a new algorithm for calculating all equations (direct and inverse transformation, convergence of meridians, linear distortion, calculus of surfaces, and arc-to-chord correction) for the Gauss-Krüger projection. Instead of using different equations for each problem, all the calculi are based on the equations used to obtain the direct transformation. These equations are also more accurate than previous ones and can be extended to an arbitrary width. This paper also explains how the Gauss-Krüger projection may satisfy the needs and requirements of civil engineers as well as Geographical Information Systems (GIS) users, particularly if extended beyond its usual 4° longitudinal range, and therefore can be used as a global reference system for GIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]