Determining snow water equivalent by acoustic sounding.

This article discusses the determination of snow water equivalent by acoustic impulse of snowpacks in Saskatchewan and British Columbia, Canada. Depth and density of snow layers was estimated by seismological techniques and frequency-modulated continuous wave radar. This method also estimates the tortuosity of snow. The authors compared the acoustic sounding method with gravimetric sampling to determine snow water equivalent. According to the authors, correlation variations were primarily found with higher water contents and in areas where multiple layers were found.