Grain growth kinetic in xTiO2–6 wt.% Bi2O3–(94 − x) ZnO ( x=0, 2, 4) ceramic system.

The grain growth kinetics in the 0, 2 and 4 wt.% TiO₂ added ZnO–6 wt.% Bi₂O₃ system was studied using the simplified phenomenological grain growth kinetics equation $$G^n = k \cdot t \cdot \exp ( - Q/R \cdot T)$$ together with the physical properties of the sintered samples. The grain growth exponent value ( n) and the apparent activation energy for the ZnO–6 wt.% Bi₂O₃ system was 5 and 218 kJ/ mol, respectively. The addition of the TiO₂ to the ZnO–6 wt.% Bi₂O₃ system inhibited the ZnO grain growth. At 2 and 4 wt.% TiO₂ additions, the apparent activation energies were calculated as 467 and 346 kJ/ mol, respectively. The addition of TiO₂ to the system inhibited the grain growth of ZnO ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]