Chronic Heart Failure: A Report From the Dartmouth Diastole Discourses.

The article focuses on chronic heart failure. Chronic heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome associated with multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms. If left untreated, patients with depressed ejection fraction (EF) frequently exhibit progressive left ventricular dilation and further reductions in EF. The factors that play important roles in precipitating HF include anemia, myocardial ischemia and cardiac arrhytmias.